Disaster Management and Demand of Revised Policy at International Level

Natural and man-made disasters are increasing in intensity, frequency, and impact across the globe. From devastating earthquakes to floods, wildfires to tsunamis—every region of the world faces unique risks. As we confront the worsening climate crisis and urban expansion into vulnerable zones, it becomes clear that existing disaster management frameworks are no longer sufficient. This article explores the concept of Disaster Management and Demand of Revised Policy , analyzes major global disasters, examines best practices, and raises a critical call for a revised and responsive disaster management policy with community preparedness and swift relief mechanisms at its core.

Table of Contents

1. What is Disaster?
2. Importance of Disaster Management
3. Key Data Tables

3a. Overview of Disaster Types

3b. Existing Disaster Management Frameworks

3c. Do’s and Don’ts During Disasters

4. Major Global Disasters

a. Top 5 Disasters in India

b. Top 5 Disasters in Russia

c. Top 5 Disasters in the United States

d. Top 10 Disasters Worldwide

5. How Nations Rescue: Comparative Techniques
6. Best Practices and Techniques in Disaster Management
7. Community Preparedness: Region-wise Recommendations

Hills and Mountainous Areas

Earthquake-Prone Zones

Flood Zones

Volcanic and Landslide Zones

8. Role of Training and Simulations
9. Contribution of NGOs and Civil Society
10. Need for Revised Policy

Early Warning Systems

Technology Integration

Quick Relief Mechanisms

11. Summary
12. Conclusion
13. FAQs (15)
14. References
15. Appeal to Policymakers and Global Agencies

What is a Disaster?

A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that causes significant disruption to life, property, and the environment. Disasters can be natural—like earthquakes, floods, and cyclones—or human-induced, such as industrial accidents and warfare. Their impact is often magnified by unpreparedness, poor infrastructure, and lack of responsive policy.

Importance of Disaster Management

Disaster Management is the systematic process of preparing for, responding to, and recovering from the aftermath of disasters. It aims to minimize human suffering and economic loss through planning, risk assessment, and mitigation strategies.

Key Data Tables

1. Types of Disasters and Their Impact

Disaster Type	Cause	Example	Average Annual Impact
Earthquake	Tectonic Movement	2001 Gujarat Earthquake	20,000+ deaths
Flood	Heavy Rainfall	2013 Uttarakhand Floods	₹4,000+ Cr damage
Cyclone	Oceanic Disturbance	Cyclone Amphan (2020)	5 million displaced
Wildfire	Heat + Dry Weather	Australia 2019 Fires	3 billion animals affected
Industrial Accident	Human Negligence	Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1984)	15,000 deaths

2. Current Disaster Management Frameworks

Country	Disaster Law/Agency	Established	Key Shortcoming
India	Disaster Management Act, NDMA	2005	Delayed relief in remote zones
USA	FEMA (Federal Emergency Management)	1979	Bureaucratic delays
Russia	Ministry of Emergency Situations	1994	Limited local coordination
Japan	Disaster Countermeasures Act	1961	Aging infrastructure
Indonesia	BNPB – Disaster Mgmt Agency	2008	Insufficient early warnings

3. Do’s and Don’ts During Disasters

Disaster Type	Do’s	Don’ts
Earthquake	Drop, Cover & Hold	Run during tremors
Flood	Move to higher ground	Walk or drive in flood waters
Fire	Use wet cloth to breathe	Open hot doors
Landslide	Evacuate slope areas early	Return immediately after landslide
Cyclone	Secure home, store emergency supplies	Stand under trees or electric poles

4. Top 5 Disasters by Country

India

Disaster	Year	Impact
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami	2004	10,000+ deaths
Bhopal Gas Tragedy	1984	15,000+ deaths
2013 Kedarnath Floods	2013	5,000+ deaths
1999 Odisha Super Cyclone	1999	9,885 deaths
2001 Gujarat Earthquake	2001	20,000+ deaths

Russia

Disaster	Year	Impact
Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster	1986	4,000+ deaths (est.)
2022 Wildfires in Siberia	2022	3 million hectares burned
Russian Heatwave	2010	56,000 deaths
Perm Nightclub Fire	2009	156 deaths
Siberian Floods	2019	80,000+ displaced

United States

Disaster	Year	Impact
Hurricane Katrina	2005	1,800+ deaths
9/11 Terrorist Attacks	2001	2,977 deaths
Dust Bowl	1930s	Economic crisis + migration
California Wildfires	2020	Billions in damages
Texas Snowstorm	2021	246 deaths

Top 10 Disasters Worldwide

Disaster	Country	Year	Deaths/Impact
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami	14 countries	2004	230,000+ deaths
Haiti Earthquake	Haiti	2010	160,000+ deaths
Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster	USSR (Ukraine)	1986	Radiation, 4,000+ deaths est.
Typhoon Haiyan	Philippines	2013	6,300+ deaths
Japan Earthquake & Tsunami	Japan	2011	20,000+ deaths
Nepal Earthquake	Nepal	2015	9,000+ deaths
Cyclone Nargis	Myanmar	2008	138,000+ deaths
Sichuan Earthquake	China	2008	87,000+ deaths
COVID-19 Pandemic	Global	2020	6.9 million+ deaths
Bangladesh Floods	Bangladesh	1998	30 million displaced

How Nations Rescue During Disasters

• India: NDRF and Army-led evacuations, helicopters, and boat rescues
• USA: FEMA-led operations, National Guard deployment, airlifts
• Russia: Military and fire brigades, emergency rail corridors
• Japan: Precision-trained civilian response teams, seismic shelters
• Philippines: Boat convoys, coast guard and military coordination

Best Practices and Techniques in Disaster Management

• Community Mapping of Risk Zones
• Installation of Early Warning Systems (AI-powered)
• Rescue Drones and Emergency Communication Systems
• Training Camps and Mock Drills
• Data-Driven Forecasting Models

Preparedness by Region

Area Type	Key Preparedness Measures
Hill Areas	Slope stabilization, alert sirens, tree plantation
Earthquake Zones	Seismic-resistant buildings, public awareness drills
Flood Zones	Elevated homes, drainage system upgrades
Volcanic Zones	Evacuation maps, gas masks, exclusion zones
Landslide Areas	Retaining walls, soil sensors, road diversions

Role of Training and NGOs

• NGOs like SEEDS, Red Cross, and CARE play a major role in grassroots training, aid distribution, and psychological support.
• Regular community-based training programs, school-level awareness, and emergency volunteer networks are critical.

Policy Framing and Demand for Revision

There is an urgent need for:

• Updated Disaster Policies with emphasis on climate change
• Pre-positioned Relief Supplies in high-risk zones
• Mobile Emergency Units with solar power, drones, medikits
• Funding for Community-Led Preparedness

Summary

The landscape of disasters is rapidly evolving. Outdated disaster management policies are no longer sufficient. Preparedness, technology integration, and community participation must form the pillars of a revised disaster management policy aimed at saving lives and minimizing loss.

Conclusion :Disaster Management and Demand of Revised Policy

Disaster Management and demand of revised policy is no longer optional—it is a moral, environmental, and political necessity. With lives, ecosystems, and economies at stake, nations must adopt proactive, people-centered, and resilient approaches. The time to act is now.

FAQs (15) :Disaster Management and Demand of Revised Policy

1. What is disaster management?
   A system of preparation, response, and recovery from disasters.
2. Why do we need revised policies?
   To tackle newer, more frequent disasters impacted by climate change.
3. How can communities prepare?
   Through training, early warnings, and resilient infrastructure.
4. What is an early warning system?
   A system that alerts populations before disaster strikes.
5. Which agency handles disaster in India?
   NDMA – National Disaster Management Authority.
6. What are the most disaster-prone states in India?
   Uttarakhand, Assam, Bihar, Odisha, and Himachal Pradesh.
7. What is a cloudburst?
   Sudden, intense rainfall in a small area causing floods.
8. How can school children be trained?
   Through drills, awareness programs, and safety clubs.

FAQs :Disaster Management and Demand of Revised Policy

1. What role do NGOs play?
   Relief aid, counseling, and community rebuilding.
2. What is mitigation?
   Reducing disaster risk through long-term planning.
3. How does climate change impact disasters?
   Increases their frequency and unpredictability.
4. What is a seismic zone?
   An area prone to earthquakes.
5. What are SOPs during a disaster?
   Standard Operating Procedures for quick action.
6. How can farmers prepare for disasters?
   Crop insurance, water harvesting, flood-resilient crops.
7. What global organizations help during disasters?
   UNDRR, Red Cross, WHO, World Bank.

References

1. NDMA Guidelines – https://ndma.gov.in
2. FEMA USA – https://www.fema.gov
3. UNDRR Reports – https://www.undrr.org
4. Times of India Reports
5. Scientific American, 2023
6. NASA Earth Observatory
7. CRED Emergency Events Database
8. Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India

🌍 Appeal from Prakriti Darshan – Nature and Environment Magazine

We appeal to all policymakers, global environmental agencies, and government officials to prioritize “Disaster Management and Demand of Revised Policy” as a global action item. Let’s move from reactive relief to proactive resilience.

We invite researchers, scientists, disaster volunteers, and civil society to submit articles, research, and photographs related to natural disasters and solutions for our upcoming issues.

Together, let’s prepare, protect, and prevail.
Visit us: www.prakritidarshan.com

PRAKRITI DARSHAN-NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT MAGAZINE

Prakriti Darshan is a leading Hindi-language magazine and digital platform dedicated to raising public awareness on vital issues related to nature, biodiversity, climate change, sustainable development, and environmental conservation. This magazine represents a unique blend of science, society, and sensitivity—offering a common platform for researchers, students, NGOs, policymakers, nature lovers, and conscious citizens alike.

With thought-provoking articles, inspiring stories, environmental research, impactful projects, and policy perspectives, Prakriti Darshan is a transformative journey toward a greener and more sustainable future.

Let us come together to protect and preserve our planet for generations to come. 🌿🌍

Join us in our mission to protect and celebrate the planet. 🌏💚

Click for more information

• Visit www.prakritidarshan.com for Free Magazine ,Free membership benefits ,offered price magazine @ Rs.1 or Rs.11 only and more ……

• 🎗️Sponsor Prakriti Darshan Magazine – Support our environment mission.
• 📚 Explore the Environment Magazine – Read our latest and past issues.
• ✍️ Read Editor’s Article or Blog – Insightful thoughts from our editorial desk.
• 🌱 Join Membership – Be part of India’s leading green community.
• 🤝 Become an NGO Impact Story Partner – Share your grassroots impact nationwide.
• 🏢 Become a Company Partner – Showcase your CSR, ESG, or sustainability work.
• 👤 Become an Individual Partner – Volunteer, write, and raise your green voice.
• 📢 Advertise with Us – Reach eco-conscious readers across India.
• Eco Trails Newsletter
• Donate for “Hari Ho Vashundhara & Har school Hariyali “  Plantation campaign Associated Partner NGO :GDSS NGO www.gdssngo.org

BALA DATT SHARMA,

MANAGING EDITOR ,

PRAKRITI DARSHAN-NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT MAGAZINE

www.prakritidarshan.com